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Surgical Pathology is the branch of pathology that focuses on the examination of tissue specimens removed during surgery or biopsy to diagnose disease. Surgical pathologists evaluate organs, tumors, and other tissues using gross examination, microscopic analysis, and specialized laboratory techniques, such as immunohistochemistry and molecular testing. Their diagnoses guide patient care by determining the presence, type, stage, and extent of diseases, including cancer, inflammatory conditions, infections, and other abnormalities. Surgical pathology plays a critical role in treatment planning, prognosis, and quality assurance in patient care.