Our research focuses on the development of new measurement techniques that can be used to perform analyses of intracellular and extracellular signaling compounds in difficult environments, including single cells and tissues. To better understand the molecular basis of diseases, including cancer, the chemical composition of complex samples must be deciphered. Measurement of biological signaling molecules in small sample volumes with sufficient sensitivity and selectivity presents numerous challenges. We develop and apply new measurement strategies at the interface of biomaterials, nanomaterials and biosensors to create new biomimetic and biocompatible sensor platforms that can provide unprecedented capabilities to understand the molecular foundation of abnormal biological function.